Unofficial Qualifications
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منابع مشابه
Contract Enforcement and the Size of the Unofficial Economy
This paper describes a model economy where the size of the unofficial sector decreases as the degree to which financing contracts can be enforced in the official sector rises. Agents who choose to operate in the unofficial sector can avoid taxes, but have no access to official means of contract enforcement. Quantitative implications of the model are compared to the existing evidence on unoffici...
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The level of human capital affects not only effective labor but also the productivity. Because the coordination and interaction between individuals cause spillover effects on production, higher level of human capital leads to higher productivity growth. The extent of this effect on productivity growth also depends on the characteristics of the markets. Entrepreneurs may conduct their businesses...
متن کاملThe Unofficial Economy in Croatia: Causes, Size and Consequences
In all economies, there is a part which is not included in the official economy, in other words, economic activities not included in the official statistics. The size of the unofficial economy in the Republic of Croatia was probably at least 25% of GDP in 1995. Two periods can be clearly distinguished between 1990 and 1996. During the first period up to 1993, all available data indicate that th...
متن کاملAn inter-country comparison of unofficial payments: results of a health sector social audit in the Baltic States
BACKGROUND Cross-country comparisons of unofficial payments in the health sector are sparse. In 2002 we conducted a social audit of the health sector of the three Baltic States. METHODS Some 10,320 household interviews from a stratified, last-stage-random, sample of 30 clusters per country, together with institutional reviews, produced preliminary results. Separate focus groups of service use...
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This paper develops a simple framework to analyze the links between corruption and the unofficial economy and their implications for the official economy. In a model of self-selection with heterogeneous entrepreneurs, we show that the entrepreneurs’ option to flee to the underground economy constrains a corrupt official’s ability to introduce distortions to the economy for private gains. The un...
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